12 Angry Men is one of those rare films that appears to defy all the Hollywood constants and yet become one of the best films of its kind ever made. The setting is entirely too claustrophobic. With the exception of two bookend scenes, the entire film takes place in the tight quarters of a jury deliberation room. The story had only a couple of years earlier been the subject of a live television drama, so the story was far from a fresh idea. The director was a complete unknown who had not at that point directed a major picture. Enter Henry Fonda, the only member of the cast who was a strong A-list name. He was also the driving force behind getting the film made. He produced the film and was involved with most of the major decisions. With all of these elements going against it, you would expect the film to fail miserably, and that’s exactly what it did. During its premier run, the film only lasted a week and was a complete financial failure. It happens all the time, and we would expect the story to end there, but it didn’t.
Enter the 1970’s. There was a rush of independent television stations that were looking for anything and everything to fill up air time. This constant need for programming meant pretty much any film that could be had cheaply was bought and aired, often for an almost nauseating number of showings. 12 Angry Men was one such film, but something amazing happened. People began to notice just how brilliant the film actually was. By then that first time director, Sidney Lumet, had gone on to rather remarkable success. Films like Fail-Safe, Dog Day Afternoon, Serpico, Murder On The Orient Express, and Network had exposed just how much talent the young man actually had. Suddenly the kid from Philly was hot, and the public became interested in his earliest work. Everyone discovered what Fonda already knew back in 1957: Lumet was a genius. These television airings led to revival screenings at local movie houses, and before the first year of the 1980’s this one-time failed film was an admired classic.
To what can we attribute the genius behind the film? The story is actually a remarkably simple one. You already know how it goes. It’s been redone a thousand times since. While deliberating at a murder trial a lone juror voting not guilty to 11 guilty votes stands his ground and eventually turns the entire verdict over to not guilty. Staged more like a play than the traditional Hollywood film, the pace is slow but deliberate. What makes the whole thing work is a complicated equation that involves magnificent casting and Lumet’s taking chances in his shooting style. The film’s angles and lighting are highly unconventional, but these elements are most effective in bringing us into this tight little room with these characters.
The characters, that’s where the beauty truly lies. Twelve very compelling characters played perfectly by 12 skillful actors. We don’t even know their names, but we come to know each one of them intimately.
Juror #1 is played by Martin Balsam. This guy has the unenviable task of becoming the jury foreman. He begins quite tentatively, almost mousy in his awkwardness, but gains confidence to a point where he begins to stand up for himself, we are led to believe possibly for the first time in his life.
Juror #2 is played by John Fiedler. There’s no mistaking the charming voice of Piglet in Fiedler’s delivery. Like Piglet he seems a bit easy to intimidate and not very outwardly bright. He’s obviously uncomfortable speaking his mind, and he’s obviously not used to being taken seriously at all.
Juror #3 is played by Lee J. Cobb. This juror is the most boisterous of the group and the final hold out from the guilty crowd. Cobb is sensational, slowly introducing us to the man’s own demons and prejudices. He’s not necessarily a bad man, and Cobb has to walk that fine line. We hate him for most of the film, but we are allowed to finally feel for him in the end.
Juror #4 is played by E.G. Marshall. Marshall perfectly portrays a life used to order and concise facts. He is likely a little compulsive and neat in his life. He attempts to array the facts of this case into his neat little world, with probably life-altering results.
Juror # 5 is played by Jack Klugman. Klugman was the last surviving member of the cast. He is a bit quiet here, not at all like the iconic characters he would later play. In fact, it is Cobb that reminds us of the future Klugman. Many of the vocal inflections and acting nuances that Klugman would make his own you can see in Cobb. It’s no surprise when we learn in one of the features how much he admired Cobb and how much he learned doing this film. He would admit later to learning from those inflections. So this film actually helped create Quincy. What do you think about that? Klugman’s character relates most with the defendant. He hails from a slum and is obviously embarrassed by his origins at first. Throughout the film we see him put aside those embarrassments and begin to take some pride in who he really is.
Juror #6 is played by Edward Binns. Binns plays a character much more concerned with the idea of justice than almost anyone else in the room. You can picture him in a classroom soaking up the American Dream. He’s smarter than most but does not really know or show it.
Juror #7 is played by Jack Warden. Warden’s character takes the case the least seriously. He’s got tickets to a ballgame, and he’s just going through the motions. He cares little for the defendant or the justice system. He considers it all a waste of time. Warden would play a judge in one of my favorite legal dramas … And Justice For All with Al Pacino, who delivers one of the best film climax speeches in cinematic history concluding with “I have just finished my opening statement!” as he’s dragged out of the courtroom.
Juror #8 is played by Henry Fonda. This is the pivotal character. He votes not guilty at first not because he necessarily believes the man to be innocent, but rather he wants to make sure that if they’re going to condemn a man to death they should at least take their time doing it. He wants to be satisfied about that all too familiar reasonable doubt. The more he looks at the case, the less he’s convinced of the man’s guilt, and he soon plants those seeds of doubt in his fellow jurors’ minds. He’s a soft-spoken man who can insist without ever raising his voice. He meets hostility with patience and treats it as irrelevant, taking the most aggressive foe off guard. Later Fonda would star in another legal drama I used in my law classes: Gideon’s Trumpet.
Juror #9 is played by Joseph Sweeney. He’s the eldest of the group and displays a great deal of wisdom that comes with his years. Never pushy, he speaks seldom but always with power. He relates to one of the elder witnesses who he believes desires attention.
Juror # 10 is played by Ed Begley. If any of these characters is truly evil, this man certainly is. He’s an outspoken bigot. His constant remarks about “those people” and how they commit crimes because “they can’t help it” paint him in the most unfavorable light. Begley manages to convince us with every word that comes out of his mouth. One of the most effective scenes in the film occurs during one of his bigoted rants. The rest of the jurors get up and turn their backs to him, even Cobb and the men who are on his side of the argument. A truly powerful cinematic moment.
Juror #11 is played by George Voskovec. He’s an immigrant and obviously proud to participate in the civil service. He is becoming somewhat disillusioned, however, and Voskovec does a wonderful job through subtlety in showing us the sadness that overcomes the man.
Juror #12 is played by Robert Weber. I found him to be the hardest juror to understand. He seems to be a follower with no strong opinions of his own. He’s happy to exist in the background and likely will always go with the flow.
That’s what makes this film the classic it is. In 1997 a television film was made, but it never even approached the effectiveness of Lumet’s original. Legal scholars love the film, and it’s played at almost every major law school in The United States. If you’ve never seen it before, you owe it to yourself to pick this one up.
Kino also recently released the 1997 made-for-television remake. Forget about it. I already have. This is the real thing.
Video
12 Angry Men is presented in its original aspect ratio of 1.66:1. The ultra-high-definition image presentation is arrived at with an HEVC codec at an average of over 80 mbps. The film was shot on 35mm so is native 4K. There has also been extensive restoration here, and it shows. Contrast is essential for a black & white film and it’s done to perfection here. I found the HDR-enhanced contrast allows sharp definition of close colors. A watch on an arm of close color shades is perfectly defined. There is a stain on Marshall’s jacket that you would never have seen in earlier versions. It’s on his left lapel along with identifiable fabric “pills” There’s another element to the story now actually brought into focus because of the improved image presentation. It also involves E.G. Marshall’s character. It is pointed out by another juror that his glasses leave an imprint on his nose. It’s a crucial point in the story. I’ve never actually seen the marks on the actor’s nose. Now they’re quite clear. So improved resolution also supports the narrative. The grain remains intact to allow for the original organic atmosphere of the film. There are a few digital shimmers from time to time but I can’t really see how it was avoidable. The characters sweat a lot in their cramped hot room, and the detail truly brings it out.
Audio
The DTS HD-MA mono 2.0 track is all you’ll ever need. Of course, it’s not really any kind of upgrade from previous releases, but how could it be? It’s all about the dialog here. The score is almost nonexistent, and except for some peripheral elements like street noises and rain from the windows it’s all about these 12 characters, and you’ll hang on every word they have to say.
Special Features
There is an extra Blu-ray disc. It doesn’t contain the film, and why should it? It includes the original extras from the earlier Kino release.
Beyond A Reasonable Doubt – The Making Of 12 Angry Men: It’s a shame this thing only lasts a half hour. I couldn’t get enough. Klugman is the sole surviving cast member, and the release is worth the price just to listen to the admiration he had for the cast and Lumet. We also hear from members of the current touring company doing 12 Angry Men, most notably is Cheers alum George Wendt. They pay healthy respect to the film.
Inside The Jury Room: This 15-minute feature looks at the legal accuracy of the film. Lawyers like Alan Shapiro talk about selecting a jury and discuss the film’s impact on juries.
Final Thoughts:
I taught law in high school for seven years and used a laserdisc version of this film as part of the curriculum. It’s just that damn good. If this film doesn’t leave you eager to serve on a jury, then you just ain’t human. Here in the United States we get to make our case to 12 common everyday people, not just 12 idiots too stupid to get out of jury duty as many claim. Imagine yourself accused of a crime you didn’t commit and no one thought it was worth a day or so of their lives to hear your side of the story. “It’s in the Constitution
